Selection of protective devices are based on the types of harmful substances in the environment, present in an amount determined, for use in different environments protective devices, the mutual matching varied. personal protective clothing in the field will be contaminated during use of hazardous substances on the site, if not worn correctly may result due to improper wear off process to bring new pollution and health hazards.
Guards should wear off within a dedicated space, according to the type of harmful substances decision to wear off guard space layout and disposal. The main structure or device shall include forced ventilation, air curtain, shower, drying, disinfection. Items should be in accordance with the contaminated area and clean area partitions placed to avoid cross-contamination. Serious threat of exposure pathogenic factor wear off, you can use Sequential oriented processes, carried out step by step in order to effectively guarantee exempt secondary pollution.
Wear protective equipment to wear off principle is based on the following settings:
(1) Personal protective equipment is clean and safe, to ensure proper use of the individual against pathogen hazards;
(2) Wear protective equipment before setting before the individual is relatively pollution wearing body;
(3) out from the contaminated site, the setting of the outer surface of the protective device has been contaminated.
a) for the existence of particles in the air pathogenic factor (toxic dust, smoke, fog, radioactive dust, pathogenic microorganisms, etc.), wear off guard when the order is:
Wear sequence: First, according to the rules wear respiratory protective devices (protective masks, half face full-face respirator, portable air respirator, etc.), check the tightness and wear a hat or hood, goggles, protective clothing, protective shoes (shoe), and finally to wear protective gloves.
Off sequence: First, remove the blindfold placed in disinfectant, and then removing gloves (off course glove hand can not touch the outer surface), protective clothing, hats, shoes (or shoes), and finally remove the respirator.
Wear off should pay attention to the following points: action to light, avoid harmful contamination raised; in the process of de-pollution of surface to minimize exposure in the environment of the area and time; removing contaminated disposable items should be loaded plastic bag Zhakou, two packaging.
b) A level protection device
Wear sequence
In the dress before protective clothing must be inspected and pressure testing to ensure that clothing in good condition; dress to have another person to help;
If the ambient temperature is low, in protective clothing inside coated eyepiece fogging agent
Protective clothing to wear long underwear, underwear on not to have pens, jewelry, badges and other items of protective clothing may be damaged;
Take off shoes (wear protective clothing comes with boots this step can be omitted when), sock trousers;
Check the gas type required to carry personal protection devices and their connections, but this time do not wear;
Coat your feet into boots, the boots down jacket hood above, will bring pants, stand up bar on the belt;
Open the air supply device, wearing masks, gas supply system is working properly identified;
The arms and head into protective clothing inside, up the zipper, close the zipper cover;
Assistant checks to determine whether the zippers and zipper cover taut mask vision is clear, all the air lines are closely integrated;
Ⅱ. Stripped order
There is sufficient air in the tank to leave the job site;
If the scene lifted the toxic chemicals, pathogenic microorganisms, to take off before the flush (or disinfectant) and other methods to remove the treatment material;
An wear protective clothing in the reverse order removing protective clothing, protective clothing off when not in contact with chemicals that may be contaminated on the place;
If possible, the right to conduct a comprehensive clean protective clothing, testing to prepare for re-use;
If the protective clothing can not be decontaminated, application security approach would discard protective clothing.
2013年10月25日星期五
Personal protective equipment and protective measures labor
personal protective clothing products: is in the labor process as a defensive physical, chemical, biological and other harmful factors to wear and damage to the human body with a variety of items in general. Protection of personal protective equipment can be divided into parts protective head, face, eyes, respiratory tract, ears, hands, feet, body and other eight categories, it can be based on use into dust, anti-virus, anti-noise, anti-high temperature thermal radiation, anti-microwave and laser, anti-radiation, anti-shock, anti mechanical trauma, anti-oil, anti-alkali, anti-fall, cold, shock, waterproof and water rescue, etc. Mainly in the following types: protective clothing, protective clothing, including hats, underwear, aprons and shoe covers, etc., mainly to prevent heat radiation, rays, microwaves and chemical contaminants damage the skin or enter the body through the skin.
Protection and protective mask: There are welders goggles, furnace workers goggles and face masks, anti-microwave and anti-eyes and other debris.
Respiratory protective devices: according to the structure and principles of respiratory protective devices can be divided into self-absorption filter and air isolated two categories, self-absorption filter is a wearer's own breathing as the driving force of harmful substances in the air to be filtered purified protectors. Using the concentration of harmful substances in the air is not very high, and the oxygen in the air is not less than 18% of the sites. It is divided into two kinds of mechanical filtration and chemical filtration, mechanical filtration is mainly used to prevent particle size less than 5μm inhalation of respirable dust, dust masks and often called a dust mask; chemical filtration primarily used to prevent toxic gases, vapors, inhalation of toxic fumes, etc., often referred to gas masks.
Gas masks: There are cartridges or canisters, another full face mask with half mask of the points, the commonly used anti-virus protection filter has a corresponding object, various models are coated with different colors, pay attention to its use.
Isolated respirators: works by the wearer's breathing organs and pollute the environment isolated from the input air or oxygen through the body to maintain normal respiratory protective devices. Used in hypoxia, toxic dust pollution is serious, life-threatening condition is unknown or workplace. Isolated respirators can be divided according to the form of self-contained air supply and a long tube types. SCBA owned gas source, is a portable, according to the gas source is divided into different oxygen breathing apparatus, air breathing apparatus, chemical oxygen respirator; longer requires the use of mechanical power respirator tube through the trachea into the air.
Hearing protectors: ear protectors including ear plugs, ear muffs, ear cap, its main function is to prevent noise hazards.
Protective Gloves: Mainly cotton gloves, also useful for new rubber or polyurethane gloves made of plastic dip. Gloves of different materials can be used for different workplaces, such as put solvents, oil resistance, paint, pollution, heat, cold-resistant gloves.
Protective paste film: In the gloves feel interfere with the operation of the cases, the available hand cream to prevent skin contamination membrane. Paste film generally by drugs, film formers, oil emulsified made after use with warm water and soap, can be used in place of using organic compounds, such as various solvents, paints and dyes operating room.
Protection and protective mask: There are welders goggles, furnace workers goggles and face masks, anti-microwave and anti-eyes and other debris.
Respiratory protective devices: according to the structure and principles of respiratory protective devices can be divided into self-absorption filter and air isolated two categories, self-absorption filter is a wearer's own breathing as the driving force of harmful substances in the air to be filtered purified protectors. Using the concentration of harmful substances in the air is not very high, and the oxygen in the air is not less than 18% of the sites. It is divided into two kinds of mechanical filtration and chemical filtration, mechanical filtration is mainly used to prevent particle size less than 5μm inhalation of respirable dust, dust masks and often called a dust mask; chemical filtration primarily used to prevent toxic gases, vapors, inhalation of toxic fumes, etc., often referred to gas masks.
Gas masks: There are cartridges or canisters, another full face mask with half mask of the points, the commonly used anti-virus protection filter has a corresponding object, various models are coated with different colors, pay attention to its use.
Isolated respirators: works by the wearer's breathing organs and pollute the environment isolated from the input air or oxygen through the body to maintain normal respiratory protective devices. Used in hypoxia, toxic dust pollution is serious, life-threatening condition is unknown or workplace. Isolated respirators can be divided according to the form of self-contained air supply and a long tube types. SCBA owned gas source, is a portable, according to the gas source is divided into different oxygen breathing apparatus, air breathing apparatus, chemical oxygen respirator; longer requires the use of mechanical power respirator tube through the trachea into the air.
Hearing protectors: ear protectors including ear plugs, ear muffs, ear cap, its main function is to prevent noise hazards.
Protective Gloves: Mainly cotton gloves, also useful for new rubber or polyurethane gloves made of plastic dip. Gloves of different materials can be used for different workplaces, such as put solvents, oil resistance, paint, pollution, heat, cold-resistant gloves.
Protective paste film: In the gloves feel interfere with the operation of the cases, the available hand cream to prevent skin contamination membrane. Paste film generally by drugs, film formers, oil emulsified made after use with warm water and soap, can be used in place of using organic compounds, such as various solvents, paints and dyes operating room.
2013年10月23日星期三
Firefighters wearing orange clothes have any effect
One, firefighters extinguishing fire protective clothing firefighters perform basic tasks protective equipment.
New firefighter clothing using four-layer structure, is designed for exclusive use in fire protection equipment, does not apply to other rescue operations. The clothing is also no autumn, winter of the points, a costume all year round, the world is like this. The so-called "cotton lining" is the insulating layer, is to protect the body from thermal burns firefighters most important layer of protection of the body is designed to facilitate cleaning, must be worn in fighting operation.
Second, the hot area in the fall, from the following aspects to solve the problem sunstroke.
1, to adapt to new equipment, changing dress habits, and actively explore new equipment portable way. Vintage clothing, generally require fire and rescue waist tie belt, this area is for the safety of air operations requirements, another important reason is that portable equipment. New firefighters fire protective clothing protection is tighter, mainly rely on internal cooling garment hem natural ventilation, tie belt just blocked this important channel. Abroad in the use of special fire fighting clothing with little outside tie belt, it seems that we should change our dress timely accustomed.
2, professional equipment used exclusively, firefighters fire protective clothing appropriate to reduce the continuous wearing time. Firefighting clothing system of specialized firefighting protective clothing is a must follow this path. Fire protective clothing is dedicated firefighting protective equipment, emergency relief, in general not wearing, specialized rescue clothing standards are being developed, if you must wear, do not enter the scene in case of insulation can be removed . Meanwhile in the implementation of the outdoor fire fighting and rescue tasks, you can consider reducing the continuous working hours, 45 minutes or so, it should be rotated rest, reducing the chance of heat stroke.
3, add some summer cooling measures. Southern autumn fire, the simple protective measures can effectively prevent heat stroke. Underwear should choose comfortable, absorbent and strong cotton fabric, do not wear synthetic underwear. Drink some salt water and green bean soup is hot weather recipe.
4, using advanced firefighters fire protective clothing. Reduce clothing weight, volume, reduced insulation thickness is every firefighter's dream. Some developed areas in the world, they used the Fire fighting protective clothing and our clothing exactly the same structure, but excellent insulation, light weight, breathable is good, you can achieve a good protective effect, but the price is very expensive.
5, to take coercive measures to cool. In some special occasions, firefighters need to work long hours under hot conditions, then how to do it. There are ways, is more popular internationally cooling vest. The principle is very simple, such as a large majority of water as a cooling medium hot material, personal wear, lower torso surface temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of extending working hours, the country has troops adoption.
Firefighters extinguishing fire protective clothing is that each line close protection officers and men of God, we must wear the proper use, in order to effectively protect the fire and rescue our security.
New firefighter clothing using four-layer structure, is designed for exclusive use in fire protection equipment, does not apply to other rescue operations. The clothing is also no autumn, winter of the points, a costume all year round, the world is like this. The so-called "cotton lining" is the insulating layer, is to protect the body from thermal burns firefighters most important layer of protection of the body is designed to facilitate cleaning, must be worn in fighting operation.
Second, the hot area in the fall, from the following aspects to solve the problem sunstroke.
1, to adapt to new equipment, changing dress habits, and actively explore new equipment portable way. Vintage clothing, generally require fire and rescue waist tie belt, this area is for the safety of air operations requirements, another important reason is that portable equipment. New firefighters fire protective clothing protection is tighter, mainly rely on internal cooling garment hem natural ventilation, tie belt just blocked this important channel. Abroad in the use of special fire fighting clothing with little outside tie belt, it seems that we should change our dress timely accustomed.
2, professional equipment used exclusively, firefighters fire protective clothing appropriate to reduce the continuous wearing time. Firefighting clothing system of specialized firefighting protective clothing is a must follow this path. Fire protective clothing is dedicated firefighting protective equipment, emergency relief, in general not wearing, specialized rescue clothing standards are being developed, if you must wear, do not enter the scene in case of insulation can be removed . Meanwhile in the implementation of the outdoor fire fighting and rescue tasks, you can consider reducing the continuous working hours, 45 minutes or so, it should be rotated rest, reducing the chance of heat stroke.
3, add some summer cooling measures. Southern autumn fire, the simple protective measures can effectively prevent heat stroke. Underwear should choose comfortable, absorbent and strong cotton fabric, do not wear synthetic underwear. Drink some salt water and green bean soup is hot weather recipe.
4, using advanced firefighters fire protective clothing. Reduce clothing weight, volume, reduced insulation thickness is every firefighter's dream. Some developed areas in the world, they used the Fire fighting protective clothing and our clothing exactly the same structure, but excellent insulation, light weight, breathable is good, you can achieve a good protective effect, but the price is very expensive.
5, to take coercive measures to cool. In some special occasions, firefighters need to work long hours under hot conditions, then how to do it. There are ways, is more popular internationally cooling vest. The principle is very simple, such as a large majority of water as a cooling medium hot material, personal wear, lower torso surface temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of extending working hours, the country has troops adoption.
Firefighters extinguishing fire protective clothing is that each line close protection officers and men of God, we must wear the proper use, in order to effectively protect the fire and rescue our security.
Families should be equipped with basic fire safety equipment
What people at home can be equipped with fireproof equipment? Winter family how to fire? Fire Bureau staff recommended, according to the needs of the people back home, the best home ABC dry powder fire extinguishers, slow down rope (ie escape rope), flashlight and gas masks. General fires are small fire occurs, may be the first time with ABC dry powder fire extinguisher, to avoid further losses. In addition, the high-altitude escape when they need it to slow down the rope. The staff member said that many people were killed in the fire were not burned to death, was suffocated by smoke. So, the family had gas masks, escape respirators do not need to set the escape creeping bent, not smoke suffocation, escape faster.
Winter home fire in the electricity, gas must pay attention to two aspects. First, the careful use of electrical heating, heating facilities. Household appliances after use or leave longer remember off the power. Timely replacement of aging circuit and overload electrical equipment to avoid because they do not meet the specifications, poor insulation, electrical wiring and electrical aging phenomena caused by electrical short circuit or overload on fire.
In the use of gas, the gas should someone take care of driving, always check the hose is damaged aging. People found gas leak, immediately turn off gas supply valve to prohibit the use of fire, and immediately open the nearest door, windows to enhance ventilation. Prohibit making calls and use of lights, doorbell, and other electrical appliances, secure way to notify the relevant departments to take to repair. When a gas leak case of fire, such as the flame is small, can be used wet towels, rags covering fire point, put the fire out; such as flame is large, the body can be wet with wet towels, wet clothes to hands, face block strict, and bending over his mouth as close to the ground so that the body go, quickly left the room to a safe place.
In addition, the staff also reminded, can not let the children stay at home alone, you can not let them touch the fire source, the power to prevent children playing with fire cause a fire due to avoid causing irreparable tragedy.
Step 7 home fire escape law:
1, draw a house floor plan, to plot all possible exits.
2, at all exits marked on the map, in the case rise buildings, marked out the direction of the stairs after the evacuation.
3, if possible, try to draw two escape routes for each room.
4, focusing on the home when the fire broke members need help.
5, outdoors determining a rendezvous point.
6, call 119 the police.
7, we must exercise their own fire escape plan.
Winter home fire in the electricity, gas must pay attention to two aspects. First, the careful use of electrical heating, heating facilities. Household appliances after use or leave longer remember off the power. Timely replacement of aging circuit and overload electrical equipment to avoid because they do not meet the specifications, poor insulation, electrical wiring and electrical aging phenomena caused by electrical short circuit or overload on fire.
In the use of gas, the gas should someone take care of driving, always check the hose is damaged aging. People found gas leak, immediately turn off gas supply valve to prohibit the use of fire, and immediately open the nearest door, windows to enhance ventilation. Prohibit making calls and use of lights, doorbell, and other electrical appliances, secure way to notify the relevant departments to take to repair. When a gas leak case of fire, such as the flame is small, can be used wet towels, rags covering fire point, put the fire out; such as flame is large, the body can be wet with wet towels, wet clothes to hands, face block strict, and bending over his mouth as close to the ground so that the body go, quickly left the room to a safe place.
In addition, the staff also reminded, can not let the children stay at home alone, you can not let them touch the fire source, the power to prevent children playing with fire cause a fire due to avoid causing irreparable tragedy.
Step 7 home fire escape law:
1, draw a house floor plan, to plot all possible exits.
2, at all exits marked on the map, in the case rise buildings, marked out the direction of the stairs after the evacuation.
3, if possible, try to draw two escape routes for each room.
4, focusing on the home when the fire broke members need help.
5, outdoors determining a rendezvous point.
6, call 119 the police.
7, we must exercise their own fire escape plan.
2013年10月11日星期五
Principles for the use of personal protective equipment
(1) businesses are obliged to work with the necessary personal protective equipment. Workers should be aware of what their jobs require personal protective equipment, according to different places and different job protection requirements, the correct choice of protective equipment performance to meet the requirements, must not choose the wrong or will use, especially can not be filtered respiratory protective devices instead of isolated respirators.
(2) the use of personal protective equipment must be used to understand the performance of protective equipment and proper use. On the structure and use more complex protective equipment, such as respirators to be repeated training, to be able to quickly correct use.
(3) before use of personal protective equipment must be strictly checked, damaged or badly worn must be replaced. Respirators for emergency but also to regularly check to avoid aid can not work properly. Emergency respirators usually possible to be properly stored in the vicinity of the accident site, to facilitate timely access.
(4) maintenance of Personal protective clothing. This will not only extend the period of use protective equipment, more important is to ensure supplies of protective effect, to read the maintenance manual for the use of protective equipment, as required to maintain proper protective equipment.
(2) the use of personal protective equipment must be used to understand the performance of protective equipment and proper use. On the structure and use more complex protective equipment, such as respirators to be repeated training, to be able to quickly correct use.
(3) before use of personal protective equipment must be strictly checked, damaged or badly worn must be replaced. Respirators for emergency but also to regularly check to avoid aid can not work properly. Emergency respirators usually possible to be properly stored in the vicinity of the accident site, to facilitate timely access.
(4) maintenance of Personal protective clothing. This will not only extend the period of use protective equipment, more important is to ensure supplies of protective effect, to read the maintenance manual for the use of protective equipment, as required to maintain proper protective equipment.
Proper use and maintenance of respiratory protection
Any respirator protection is limited, prior to use, the user must understand the product characteristics and use methods to understand certain special circumstances should be noted that the problems encountered and the special case handling methods. Read the instructions to make the first step to understand the product, including the product's suitability good instructions, functions, composition and method of assembly, use, inspection methods, maintenance methods, cleaning methods and storage methods and other information.
First, the use of respiratory protective equipment
GB/T18664 done on the proper use of certain emphasis.
1 Use before using methods provide training to ensure that each user has the ability to use correctly.
2 Go harmful to the environment, should be good to wear respiratory protective equipment, for gas type, should be ventilation, wear a mask after, prevention suffocation; pair of tight-fitting mask, you should perform user seal check to make sure to wear proper and seal, standard methods are detailed in Appendix G.
3 in hazardous environments respiratory protective equipment should be worn at all times, otherwise, still excessive exposure to harmful materials. For example, in an environment hazard factor of 6 using assigned protection factor of 10 respiratory Personal protective clothing, if wearing time for the actual exposure time of 90%, the actual exposure levels = (not wearing time exposure) + (wear time exposure) = ( 10% × 6) +90% (6 ÷ 10) = 0.6 +0.54 = 1.14, the actual exposure is 1.14 times the occupational health standards. Still exceeded!
4-purifying respirator filter element has a limited capacity, should be replaced.
(1) Replace dust filter elements. Generally with the use of time, dust and other particles gradually accumulate in the filter material, filtration efficiency, although improved, but also increased breathing resistance, comfort decline.
- For the simple dust masks, because there are no replacement parts, When you feel the breathing resistance increased significantly, and when the mask pollution, damaged, replace the entire mask.
- On the penthouse dust masks when feeling significantly increased breathing resistance, replacement filter elements.
- For powered air purifying, when sure the battery and the motor is normal, check the air volume producers found below the minimum limit, replace the dust components.
(2) replace the antivirus filter elements. Antivirus filter element life is affected by the design capacity, field types and the actual concentration of pollutants, the user respiration (labor intensity), ambient temperature and humidity and other factors. Relatively stable in the field of the above factors, according to the experience, the experimental data and other objective methods to determine the replacement time of the filter element, periodic replacement.
- When the user has been feeling contaminants taste, odor and irritation, it should be replaced immediately;
- Recorded after each practical use of time, to help determine replacement time;
- For a boiling point below 65 ℃ organic vapors (such as acetone, ether, etc.), general organic gases will shorten the life of the filter element, should be replaced after each use. If you use a larger interval (shown with days or weeks), re-use should be replaced.
- For no warning (odorless, non-irritating, such as mercury, carbon monoxide) or cautionary poor harmful substances (such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, etc.), can not be determined if the filter elements remain valid after each use should be replace
First, the use of respiratory protective equipment
GB/T18664 done on the proper use of certain emphasis.
1 Use before using methods provide training to ensure that each user has the ability to use correctly.
2 Go harmful to the environment, should be good to wear respiratory protective equipment, for gas type, should be ventilation, wear a mask after, prevention suffocation; pair of tight-fitting mask, you should perform user seal check to make sure to wear proper and seal, standard methods are detailed in Appendix G.
3 in hazardous environments respiratory protective equipment should be worn at all times, otherwise, still excessive exposure to harmful materials. For example, in an environment hazard factor of 6 using assigned protection factor of 10 respiratory Personal protective clothing, if wearing time for the actual exposure time of 90%, the actual exposure levels = (not wearing time exposure) + (wear time exposure) = ( 10% × 6) +90% (6 ÷ 10) = 0.6 +0.54 = 1.14, the actual exposure is 1.14 times the occupational health standards. Still exceeded!
4-purifying respirator filter element has a limited capacity, should be replaced.
(1) Replace dust filter elements. Generally with the use of time, dust and other particles gradually accumulate in the filter material, filtration efficiency, although improved, but also increased breathing resistance, comfort decline.
- For the simple dust masks, because there are no replacement parts, When you feel the breathing resistance increased significantly, and when the mask pollution, damaged, replace the entire mask.
- On the penthouse dust masks when feeling significantly increased breathing resistance, replacement filter elements.
- For powered air purifying, when sure the battery and the motor is normal, check the air volume producers found below the minimum limit, replace the dust components.
(2) replace the antivirus filter elements. Antivirus filter element life is affected by the design capacity, field types and the actual concentration of pollutants, the user respiration (labor intensity), ambient temperature and humidity and other factors. Relatively stable in the field of the above factors, according to the experience, the experimental data and other objective methods to determine the replacement time of the filter element, periodic replacement.
- When the user has been feeling contaminants taste, odor and irritation, it should be replaced immediately;
- Recorded after each practical use of time, to help determine replacement time;
- For a boiling point below 65 ℃ organic vapors (such as acetone, ether, etc.), general organic gases will shorten the life of the filter element, should be replaced after each use. If you use a larger interval (shown with days or weeks), re-use should be replaced.
- For no warning (odorless, non-irritating, such as mercury, carbon monoxide) or cautionary poor harmful substances (such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, etc.), can not be determined if the filter elements remain valid after each use should be replace
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